B.1.14 Maths

Standard mathematical and trigonometric functions. Trigonometric functions work with angles in radians.

sin( theta )

Sine of an angle.

• Parameters:
  • theta (floating point): an angle, in radians.
• Return value
  • (floating point): the sine of the argument.

cos( theta )

Cosine of an angle.

• Parameters:
  • theta (floating point): an angle, in radians.
• Return value
  • (floating point): the cosine of the argument.

tan( theta )

Tangent of an angle.

• Parameters:
  • theta (floating point): an angle, in radians.
• Return value
  • (floating point): the tangent of the argument.

asin( x )

Arc sine of an angle. The result is in the range of -pi/2 through pi/2.

• Parameters:
  • x (floating point): the value whose arc sine is to be returned.
• Return value
  • (floating point): the arc sine of the argument (radians)

acos( x )

Arc cosine of an angle. The result is in the range of 0.0 through pi.

• Parameters:
  • x (floating point): the value whose arc cosine is to be returned.
• Return value
  • (floating point): the arc cosine of the argument (radians)

atan( x )

Arc tangent of an angle. The result is in the range of -pi/2 through pi/2.

• Parameters:
  • x (floating point): the value whose arc tangent is to be returned.
• Return value
  • (floating point): the arc tangent of the argument (radians)

ln( x )

Natural logarithm.

• Parameters:
  • x (floating point): argument
• Return value
  • (floating point): log_e(x)

exp( x )

Euler's number e raised to a power.

• Parameters:
  • x (floating point): the exponent to raise e to.
• Return value
  • (floating point): the value e^x, where e is the base of the natural logarithms.

log10( x )

Logarithm to base 10.

• Parameters:
  • x (floating point): argument
• Return value
  • (floating point): log₁₀(x)

exp10( x )

Power of 10. This convenience function is identical to pow(10,x).

• Parameters:
  • x (floating point): argument
• Return value
  • (floating point): 10^x

sqrt( x )

Square root. The result is correctly rounded and positive.

• Parameters:
  • x (floating point): a value.
• Return value
  • (floating point): the positive square root of x. If the argument is NaN or less than zero, the result is NaN.

square( x )

Raise to the power 2.

• Parameters:
  • x (floating point): a value
• Return value
  • (floating point): x * x

hypot( xs, ... )

Returns the square root of the sum of squares of its arguments. In the 2-argument case, doing it like this may avoid intermediate overflow or underflow.

• Parameters:
  • xs (floating point, one or more): one or more numeric values
• Return value
  • (floating point): sqare root of sum of squares of arguments
• Examples:
  • hypot(3,4) = 5
  • hypot(2,2,2,2) = 4

atan2( y, x )

Converts rectangular coordinates (x,y) to polar (r,theta). This method computes the phase theta by computing an arc tangent of y/x in the range of -pi to pi.

• Parameters:
  • y (floating point): the ordinate coordinate
  • x (floating point): the abscissa coordinate
• Return value
  • (floating point): the theta component (radians) of the point (r,theta) in polar coordinates that corresponds to the point (x,y) in Cartesian coordinates.

pow( a, b )

Exponentiation. The result is the value of the first argument raised to the power of the second argument.

• Parameters:
  • a (floating point): the base.
  • b (floating point): the exponent.
• Return value
  • (floating point): the value ab.

sinh( x )

Hyperbolic sine.

• Parameters:
  • x (floating point): parameter
• Return value
  • (floating point): result

cosh( x )

Hyperbolic cosine.

• Parameters:
  • x (floating point): parameter
• Return value
  • (floating point): result

tanh( x )

Hyperbolic tangent.

• Parameters:
  • x (floating point): parameter
• Return value
  • (floating point): result

asinh( x )

Inverse hyperbolic sine.

• Parameters:
  • x (floating point): parameter
• Return value
  • (floating point): result

acosh( x )

Inverse hyperbolic cosine.

• Parameters:
  • x (floating point): parameter
• Return value
  • (floating point): result

atanh( x )

Inverse hyperbolic tangent.

• Parameters:
  • x (floating point): parameter
• Return value
  • (floating point): result

E

Euler's number e, the base of natural logarithms.

PI

Pi, the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.

Infinity

Positive infinite floating point value.

NaN

Not-a-Number floating point value. Use with care; arithmetic and logical operations behave in strange ways near NaN (for instance, NaN!=NaN). For most purposes this is equivalent to the blank value.